Because he did not want his authority and abilities to be questioned, the Tsar immediately dismissed the first two Dumas. Social unrest led to the February Revolution and his abdication. The Russo-Japanese War (1904-5) was a brief conflict between the Russian Empire and Japan. Food riots were being seen in the cities. One of the most significant events of the 12th century was the Russian Revolution of 1917. And in 2014, amid political upheaval in neighboring Ukraine, Putin forcibly annexed the territory of Crimea. Russias peasantry was obstinate, conservative and resistant to new ideas but many believed this was chiefly because of its inability to read and learn more about the outside world. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), Painting by Isaak Brodsky, National Gallery, Prague, Czech Republic. In general, however, Bolshevik efforts at reform were undermined by other factors, such as the Civil War and the use of terror. Parliament had been shown by the events in Russia to be "useless"a "gas house." The Russian Communist Party was renamed after the Bolshevik Party (Bolshevik). Revolusi Rusia : Latar Belakang dan Dampak | Freedomsiana Czar Alexander III and his son Czar Nicholas II followed the policy of Russification of all the systems. The result was that in Petrograd (as the capital had been renamed at the beginning of the war, in place of the German-sounding St. Petersburg) the empress Alexandra was in fact in control. This conflict became known as the Cold War. Their fight was over more than territory; it was about the very survival of Western democracy. During his rule, political opponents have been jailed or murdered. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. In 1920, the government legislated to remove abortion from the criminal code. TM & 2021 Scholastic Inc. All Rights Reserved. Please select which sections you would like to print: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. However, there were also global factors that determined the radical and extremely large-scale impact of the revolution in Russia. Vietnam remains a Communist country. In reality, the gains in literacy were both modest and shallow. Women benefited from the introduction of the eight-hour day while female factory inspectors were appointed to investigate the working conditions of their fellow women.