It also promised an annual payment by the United States to the Haudenosaunee of $4,500 in goods, including calico cloth. The English and French colonists joined the Spanish, and their colonization of the north-west was what led to the plight . The official responsible for negotiating with the Native Americans was Isaac Ingalls Stevens, the governor of the Washington Territory. In 1794, the U.S. government and the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, or Six Nations (comprising the Mohawk, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Seneca, and Tuscarora Nations of New York), signed the Treaty of Canandaigua. From 1774 until about 1832, treaties between individual sovereign American Indian nations and the United States were negotiated to establish borders and prescribe conditions of behavior between the parties. Over the years, as the Six Nations territory was further reduced, the Onondaga, Seneca, Tuscarora and some Oneida remained in New York on reservations, while the Mohawk and Cayuga left for Canada and the Oneida settled in Wisconsin and Ontario. Historical Photos Offer A Glimpse Into Native Oregonians' Lives Though the participants could only suspect it at the time, later investigations would reveal that individuals within the BIA had been actively working against the movement. October 1540: De Soto and the Spaniards plan to rendezvous with ships in Alabama when they're attacked by Native Americans. Though Pike valued the purchase at $200,000 in his journal, he left only $200 worth of gifts upon signing. Although the campaign was ultimately overshadowed by the activists' week-long occupation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs . Two years later, the Treaty of New Echota was used to justify the forced removal of the Cherokee people. There was one reason the lawmakers didn't want the treaties, according to the exhibit's curator Suzan Shown Harjo of the Cheyenne and Hodulgee Muscogee Indian nations. In other words, any treaty made between the U.S. and Native American tribes could be broken by Congress, rendering treaties essentially powerless. "But that doesn't mean the commitments that were entered into are completed or are undone.". In 2006 American Indian and Alaska Native persons comprised one percent of the state's population. In 1980, the Supreme Court ruled the Black Hills should still be Native land. To bring a peaceful end to the siege, the Nixon administration made a deal with the caravan leadership that provided the participants immunity from prosecution and roughly $66,500 in travel expenses to return the demonstrators to their homes. Known as the Twenty-Points Position Paper, it distilled their analysis of Native American issues into a list of twenty demands, and proposed a new framework for the relationship between Indian tribes and the federal government. From the main Microfilm Catalog page, click Advanced Search (next to the Search button). But mutual suspicion continued, especially after Pennsylvania militiamen killed nearly 100 Lenape (most of them women and children) at the village of Gnadenhutten in March 1782, mistakenly believing they were responsible for attacks against white settlers.